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Fault tolerance is the ability of a system to maintain proper operation despite failures or faults in one or more of its components. This capability is essential for high-availability, mission-critical, or even life-critical systems. Fault tolerance specifically refers to a system's capability to handle faults without any degradation or downtime.
In engineering and systems theory, redundancy is the intentional duplication of critical components or functions of a system with the goal of increasing reliability of the system, usually in the form of a backup or fail-safe, or to improve actual system performance, such as in the case of GNSS receivers, or multi-threaded computer processing.
Systems can be made robust by adding redundancy in all potential SPOFs. Redundancy can be achieved at various levels. Redundancy can be achieved at various levels. The assessment of a potential SPOF involves identifying the critical components of a complex system that would provoke a total systems failure in case of malfunction . [ 2 ]
Computer clustering capability with failover capability, for complete redundancy of hardware and software. Dynamic software updating to avoid the need to reboot the system for a kernel software update, for example Ksplice under Linux. Independent management processor for serviceability: remote monitoring, alerting and control.
The need to control software fault is one of the most rising challenges facing software industries today. Fault tolerance must be a key consideration in the early stage of software development. There exist different mechanisms for software fault tolerance, among which: Recovery blocks; N-version software; Self-checking software
Replication in computing refers to maintaining multiple copies of data, processes, or resources to ensure consistency across redundant components. This fundamental technique spans databases, file systems, and distributed systems, serving to improve availability, fault-tolerance, accessibility, and performance. [1]
For example, 5-modular redundancy communication systems (such as FlexRay) use the majority of 5 samples – if any 2 of the 5 results are erroneous, the other 3 results can correct and mask the fault. Modular redundancy is a basic concept, dating to antiquity, while the first use of TMR in a computer was the Czechoslovak computer SAPO, in the ...
Checkpointing is a technique that provides fault tolerance for computing systems. It involves saving a snapshot of an application's state, so that it can restart from that point in case of failure. This is particularly important for long-running applications that are executed in failure-prone computing systems.