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Exclusive or, exclusive disjunction, exclusive alternation, logical non-equivalence, or logical inequality is a logical operator whose negation is the logical biconditional. With two inputs, XOR is true if and only if the inputs differ (one is true, one is false). With multiple inputs, XOR is true if and only if the number of true inputs is odd ...
Disjunction in natural languages does not precisely match the interpretation of in classical logic. Notably, classical disjunction is inclusive while natural language disjunction is often understood exclusively, as the following English example typically would be. [1] Mary is eating an apple or a pear.
It is sometimes called the inclusive OR gate to distinguish it from XOR, the exclusive OR gate. [4] The behavior of OR is the same as XOR except in the case of a 1 for both inputs. In situations where this never arises (for example, in a full-adder ) the two types of gates are interchangeable.
Venn diagram for "A or B", with inclusive or (OR) Venn diagram for "A or B", with exclusive or (XOR) The fallacy lies in concluding that one disjunct must be false because the other disjunct is true; in fact they may both be true because "or" is defined inclusively rather than exclusively. It is a fallacy of equivocation between the operations ...
A definition that refers to a set that includes the entity being defined, often leading to paradoxes in naive set theories. inclusive disjunction A logical operation that returns true if at least one of its operands is true; corresponds to the logical OR. inclusive first-order logic
In linguistics, clusivity [1] is a grammatical distinction between inclusive and exclusive first-person pronouns and verbal morphology, also called inclusive "we" and exclusive "we". Inclusive "we" specifically includes the addressee, while exclusive "we" specifically excludes the addressee; in other words, two (or more) words that both ...
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
Inclusive fitness is a conceptual framework in evolutionary biology first defined by W. D. Hamilton in 1964. [1] It is primarily used to aid the understanding of how social traits are expected to evolve in structured populations . [ 2 ]