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London is the largest urban economy in Europe [257] and, alongside New York, the city in the world most integrated with the global economy. [258] The UK has a regulated social market economy. [259] [260] [261] Based on market exchange rates, the UK is the sixth-largest economy in the world and the second-largest in Europe, both
Relations between the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) are governed, since 1 January 2021, by the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA). Relations trace back to the foundation of the European Communities, the European Union's predecessor, in 1957.
Map of Europe showing current monarchies (red) and republics (blue) In the European history, monarchy was the prevalent form of government throughout the Middle Ages, only occasionally competing with communalism, notably in the case of the maritime republics and the Swiss Confederacy.
The history of the United Kingdom begins in 1707 with the Treaty of Union and Acts of Union. The core of the United Kingdom as a unified state came into being with the political union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland, [1] into a new unitary state called Great Britain. [a] Of this new state, the historian Simon Schama said:
The United Kingdom (along with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar) was a member state of the European Union (EU) and of its predecessor the European Communities (EC) – principally the European Economic Community (EEC) – from 1 January 1973 until 31 January 2020.
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD 500), the Middle Ages (AD 500–1500), and the modern era (since AD 1500). The first early European modern humans appear in the fossil record about 48,000 years ago, during the Paleolithic era.
European Union Act 2011: 2011: Fixed-term Parliaments Act: 2011: Scotland Act 2012: 2012: Succession to the Crown Act 2013: 2013: Scottish independence referendum: 2014: House of Lords Reform Act: 2014: Wales Act 2014: 2014: HL (Expulsion and Suspension) Act: 2015: Recall of MPs Act: 2015: European Union Referendum Act: 2015: EU membership ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 February 2025. List of great powers from the early modern period to the post-Cold War era Great powers are often recognized in an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council. A great power is a nation, state or empire that, through its economic, political and military strength ...