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  2. Action potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potential

    The currents flowing inwards at a point on the axon during an action potential spread out along the axon, and depolarize the adjacent sections of its membrane. If sufficiently strong, this depolarization provokes a similar action potential at the neighboring membrane patches. This basic mechanism was demonstrated by Alan Lloyd Hodgkin in 1937 ...

  3. Dale's principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale's_principle

    Illustration of the major elements in chemical synaptic transmission. An electrochemical wave called an action potential travels along the axon of a neuron.When the wave reaches a synapse, it provokes release of a puff of neurotransmitter molecules, which bind to chemical receptor molecules located in the membrane of another neuron, on the opposite side of the synapse.

  4. Chemical synapse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_synapse

    The presynaptic axon terminal, or synaptic bouton, is a specialized area within the axon of the presynaptic cell that contains neurotransmitters enclosed in small membrane-bound spheres called synaptic vesicles (as well as a number of other supporting structures and organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum).

  5. Axolemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axolemma

    However, repolarization overshoots the resting membrane potential, because the K + channels experience a delay when closing, which causes a period of hyperpolarization. [4] This change in charge, voltage, and membrane potential generates an electrical signal referred to as an action potential. Action potentials are used for communication ...

  6. Depolarization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depolarization

    The surge of depolarization traveling from the axon hillock to the axon terminal is known as an action potential. Action potentials reach the axon terminal, where the action potential triggers the release of neurotransmitters from the neuron. The neurotransmitters that are released from the axon continue on to stimulate other cells such as ...

  7. Summation (neurophysiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summation_(neurophysiology)

    Summation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials increases the probability that the potential will reach the threshold potential and generate an action potential, whereas summation of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials can prevent the cell from achieving an action potential. The closer the dendritic input is to the axon hillock, the more the ...

  8. Quantitative models of the action potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative_models_of_the...

    Equivalent electrical circuit for the Hodgkin–Huxley model of the action potential. I m and V m represent the current through, and the voltage across, a small patch of membrane, respectively. The C m represents the capacitance of the membrane patch, whereas the four g's represent the conductances of four types of ions.

  9. Axon terminal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon_terminal

    Axon terminals (also called terminal boutons, synaptic boutons, end-feet, or presynaptic terminals) are distal terminations of the branches of an axon. An axon, also called a nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses called action potentials away from the neuron's cell body to transmit those ...