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Animal and insect vectors are another way in which fungal, bacterial and viral leaf spot diseases are spread. [2] Rainwater spreads pathogens by transporting infested soil into areas that are disease-free. Infested water can also be spread by way of irrigation or transplanting. Blowing rain can also spread fungi and bacteria. [2]
Cabbage clubroot is a disease of Brassicaceae (mustard family or cabbage family) caused by the soil-borne Plasmodiophora brassicae. [9] The disease first appears scattered in fields, but in successive seasons it will infect the entire field, reducing the yield significantly and sometimes resulting in no yield at all.
Alternaria leaf spot or Alternaria leaf blight are a group of fungal diseases in plants, that have a variety of hosts. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The diseases infects common garden plants, such as cabbage, and are caused by several closely related species of fungi. [ 4 ]
Plasmodiophora brassicae exhibits two main forms within its life cycle. It is either a spore that is ready to infect roots or it becomes a persistent spore in the soil. That, or the fungus can become a somewhat mobile zoospore, which is a spindle shaped biflagellate cell.
The importance of using disease-free seed and/or transplants is highlighted by the fact that "as few as three infected seeds in 10,000 (0.03%) can cause black rot epidemics in a field." [ 6 ] In transplant beds, an initial infection level of 0.5% can rise to 65% in just three weeks. [ 2 ]
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). [1] Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi , oomycetes , bacteria , viruses , viroids , virus -like organisms, phytoplasmas , protozoa , nematodes and parasitic plants . [ 2 ]
Alternaria brassicicola is a fungal necrotrophic plant pathogen that causes black spot disease on a wide range of hosts, particularly in the genus of Brassica, including a number of economically important crops such as cabbage, Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, oilseeds, broccoli and canola.
Downy mildew is a disease of major importance on the horticultural Brassica species. [1] It is most serious on the flowerhead types (cauliflower, broccoli), less serious on the leaf brassicas (cabbage, Brussels sprouts, and least serious on the root brassicas (turnips, swedes) and oil brassicas (rape).