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Equine estrogens, or horse estrogens, are estrogens found in horses. [1] [2] [3] They include the following: [1] [2] [3] Estradiol; Estrone; Equilin (Δ 7-estrone) Equilenin (Δ 6,8-estrone) 17α-Dihydroequilin (Δ 7-17α-estradiol) 17β-Dihydroequilin (Δ 7-17β-estradiol) 17α-Dihydroequilenin (Δ 6,8-17α-estradiol) 17β-Dihydroequilenin (Δ ...
CEEs are a form of hormone therapy used in women. [19] It is used most commonly in postmenopausal women who have had a hysterectomy to treat hot flashes, and burning, itching, and dryness of the vagina and surrounding areas. [20] It must be used in combination with a progestogen in women who have not had a hysterectomy. [1]
Conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate (CEs/MPA), sold under the brand names Prempro and Premphase, is a combination product of conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin), an estrogen collected from horse urine, and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera), a progestogen, which is used in menopausal hormone therapy for the treatment of menopausal symptoms.
Estradiol 17β-chloral hemiacetal ether O,O-diacetate Estradiol sulfate: Estradiol 3-sulfate – Estrapronicate: Estradiol 3-propionate 17β-nicotinate Orestrate: Estradiol 3-propionate 17β-(1-cyclohexenyl) ether – Polyestradiol phosphate: Estradiol 17β-phosphate polymer Promestriene: Estradiol 3-propyl 17β-methyl diether
Estradiol is an estrogen, or an agonist of the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). [1] [2] [6] In one study, the EC 50 Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration value of estradiol for the human ERα was 50 pM (0.05 nM) and for the human ERβ was 200 pM (0.2 nM).
Estradiol acetate is a synthetic estrane steroid and the C3 acetate ester of estradiol. [3] It is also known as estradiol 3-acetate or as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol 3-acetate. [3] Another common ester of estradiol in use for oral administration is estradiol valerate, which is a C17β ester of estradiol. [8] [23]
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EE is a synthetic estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptors, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. [ 17 ] [ 4 ] It also has functional antiandrogenic effects by decreasing the circulating free fractions of androgens . [ 18 ]