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Accountability for reasonableness is an ethical framework that describes the conditions of a fair decision-making process. It focuses on how decisions should be made and why these decisions are ethical. It was developed by Norman Daniels and James Sabin and is often applied in health policy and bioethics. [1]
For example, a concern to promote beneficence may be expressed in traditional medical ethics by the exercise of paternalism, where the health professional makes a decision based upon a perspective of acting in the patient's best interests. However, it is argued by some that this approach acts against person-centred values found in nursing ethics.
Ethical Attitudes and knowledge derived from an ethical framework, including an awareness of moral questions and choices. Aesthetic Awareness of the immediate situation, seated in immediate practical action; including awareness of the patient and their circumstances as uniquely individual, and of the combined wholeness of the situation.
In recognition of a growing consensus that there is an ethical imperative for health care professionals to share important decisions with patients, several countries in Europe, North America [68] and Australia have formally recognized shared decision-making in their health policies and regulatory frameworks. [69]
A common framework used when analysing medical ethics is the "four principles" approach postulated by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress in their textbook Principles of Biomedical Ethics. It recognizes four basic moral principles, which are to be judged and weighed against each other, with attention given to the scope of their application.
The scope of home health nursing is directly related to the nursing process. This includes assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. [5] The standards of home health nursing integrate research, education, proper use of resources, the quality of care provided, team collaboration, and ethical principles. [5]
A 40-year experiment conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service withheld standard medical advice and treatment from a poor minority population with an easily treatable disease. The experiment targeted black male farmers who were told they needed to be treated for 'bad blood', [27] but who were, in fact, syphilitic. In addition to many ...
Case 2: The staff in a nursing home must decide between respecting a patient's autonomy and the need to restrain her to prevent injury. Case 3: The nurses in an ICU make daily decisions about allocation of nursing resources and bed according to the principles of justice.