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The Catechism of the Catholic Church specifies that all sex acts must be both unitive and procreative. [8] In addition to condemning use of artificial birth control as intrinsically evil, [9] non-procreative sex acts such as mutual masturbation and anal sex are ruled out as ways to avoid pregnancy. [10]
Following the 1968 publication of Humanae Vitae, an encyclical by Pope Paul VI that expressly forbade abortion and most methods of birth control [9] and that sowed controversy within the church over its restatement of the prohibition on birth control, [10] Catholic bishops in the United States started to stress anti-abortion views as a central facet of Catholic identity and preached against ...
The Pontifical Commission on Birth Control was a committee within the Roman Curia tasked with analyzing the modern impact of birth control on the Roman Catholic Church. The disagreements within the commission ultimately led to the publication of the encyclical Humanae vitae .
In addition, the church opposes in vitro fertilization because it might cause disposal of embryos; Catholics believe an embryo is an individual with a soul who must be treated as a such. [4] In addition, when it comes to the embryos, cryofreezing them for later use is frowned upon by the Catholic Church because it is considered immoral.
Regardless of the Church's ideas about contraception, 99% of Catholics have used some type of contraception. About one quarter of Catholics use sterilization, 25% use hormonal birth control methods such as birth control pills and 15% have used a long-acting reversible form of birth control such as the IUD. [30]
The existence of artificial methods of birth control predates Christianity; the Catholic Church as well as all Christian denominations condemned artificial methods of birth control throughout their respective histories. This began to change in the 20th century when the Church of England became the first to accept the practice in 1930. [73]
In this encyclical Paul VI reaffirmed the Catholic Church's view of marriage and marital relations and a continued condemnation of "artificial" birth control.Referencing two Papal committees and numerous independent experts examining new developments in artificial birth control, [4] Paul VI built on the teachings of his predecessors, especially Pius XI, [5] Pius XII [6] and John XXIII, [7] all ...
In 1930, the Lambeth Conference issued a statement permitting birth control: "Where there is a clearly felt moral obligation to limit or avoid parenthood, complete abstinence is the primary and obvious method", but if there was morally sound reasoning for avoiding abstinence, "the Conference agrees that other methods may be used, provided that this is done in the light of Christian principles".