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The phrase Zaban-e Urdu-e Mualla written in Urdū Lashkari Zaban ("Battalionese language") title in Nastaliq script.. The Urdu movement was a socio-political movement aimed at making Urdu (the standardized register of the Hindustani language) the universal lingua-franca and symbol of the cultural and political identity of the Muslim communities of the Indian subcontinent during the British Raj.
Sumit Sarkar notes that in the 18th and the bulk of the 19th century, "Urdu had been the language of polite culture over a big part of North India, for Hindus quite as much as Muslims". From 1881 to 1890, Sarkar gives figures which showed that the circulation of Urdu newspapers was twice that of Hindi newspapers and there were 55% more Urdu ...
Anjuman in India is known as "Anjuman Taraqqi Urdu (Hind)" (انجمنِ ترقیِ اردو (ہند. [5] It has 600 branches across India. [5] After the independence of India, Zakir Hussain become the Vice-Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University in 1949. Anjuman Taraqui Urdu (Hind) was shifted to Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh.
However, the division over the use of Hindi or Urdu further provoked communal conflict between Muslims and Hindus in India. [7] Syed Ahmed Khan and Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk's patronage of Urdu led to its widespread use amongst elite Indian Muslim communities and following the Partition of India its adoption as the national language of Pakistan. [7] [9]
The Urdu Defence Association was an organisation developed by Mohsin-ul-Mulk, starting in 1900, for the advocacy of Urdu as the lingua franca of the Muslim community of India. The association is regarded as an offshoot of the Aligarh Movement .
This led Sir Syed to initiate a movement for the intellectual, educational, social and cultural regeneration of the Muslim society. This movement came to be known as the Aligarh movement after Sir Syed established his school at Aligarh which later became the center of the movement. [4] The Aligarh Movement introduced a new trend in Urdu literature.
Native speakers of Urdu are spread across South Asia. [note 1] [11] [12] The vast majority of them are Muslims of the Hindi–Urdu Belt of northern India, [note 2] [13] [14] [15] followed by the Deccani people of the Deccan plateau in south-central India (who speak Deccani Urdu), and most of the Muhajir people of Pakistan.
The National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language (NCPUL) is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Education, Department of Secondary and Higher Education, Government of India. Set up to promote, develop and propagate Urdu language, Council started its operation in Delhi on April 1, 1996.