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Sufi saints or wali (Arabic: ولي, plural ʾawliyāʾ أولياء) played an instrumental role in spreading Islam throughout the world. [1] In the traditional Islamic view, a saint is portrayed as someone "marked by [special] divine favor ...
Theologians interpreting the Quran understand tajalli as appearance. They emphasize the concept of seeing God (Arabic: رؤيا, romanized: ruʾyā). Ash'ari Sunnis use the Quranic concept to argue for the possibility of seeing God. To the contrary, the Muta'zila Sunni and the Shia interpret this verse to prove the impossibility of seeing God. [3]
The Arabic word tasawwuf (lit. ' 'Sufism' '), generally translated as Sufism, is commonly defined by Western authors as Islamic mysticism. [14] [15] [16] The Arabic term Sufi has been used in Islamic literature with a wide range of meanings, by both proponents and opponents of Sufism. [14]
Ahmed Ibn Abu al-Hussain al-Nuri (Persian: ابو الحسین النوری) (died 908 AD), known also as Nuri, was a famous early Sufi saint. [1] He was of Persian origins, but born in Baghdad in 840 CE where spent most of his life. [2] He is the author of Maqamat al-qulub (Stations of the Hearts). He is famous for saying, "I love God and God ...
Junayd taught in Baghdad throughout his lifetime and was an important figure in the development of Sufi doctrine. Like Hasan of Basra before him, was widely revered by his students and disciples as well as quoted by other mystics. Because of his importance in Sufi theology, Junayd was often referred to as the "Sultan". [6]
According to various traditional Sufi interpretations of the Quran, the concept of sainthood is clearly described. [18] Some modern scholars, however, assert that the Quran does not explicitly outline a doctrine or theory of saints. [1] In the Quran, the adjective walī is applied to God, in the sense of him being the "friend" of all believers (Q).
In Sufism, a Qutb is the perfect human being, al-Insān al-Kāmil ('The Universal Man'), who leads the saintly hierarchy. [ citation needed ] The Qutb is the Sufi spiritual leader who has a divine connection with God and passes knowledge on which makes him central to, or the axis of, Sufism, but he is unknown to the world. [ 3 ]
Sufism is the mystical branch of Islam in which Muslims seek divine love and truth through direct personal experience of God. [1] This mystic tradition within Islam developed in several stages of growth, emerging first in the form of early asceticism, based on the teachings of Hasan al-Basri, before entering the second stage of more classical mysticism of divine love, as promoted by al-Ghazali ...