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An optical module is a typically hot-pluggable optical transceiver used in high-bandwidth data communications applications. Optical modules typically have an electrical interface on the side that connects to the inside of the system and an optical interface on the side that connects to the outside world through a fiber optic cable.
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Consequently, all modern monolithic tunable lasers, widely tunable lasers, externally modulated lasers and transmitters, integrated receivers, etc. are examples of photonic integrated circuits. As of 2012, devices integrate hundreds of functions onto a single chip. [1] Pioneering work in this arena was performed at Bell Laboratories.
Schematic diagram of an opto-isolator showing source of light (LED) on the left, dielectric barrier in the center, and sensor (phototransistor) on the right [note 1]. An opto-isolator (also called an optocoupler, photocoupler, or optical isolator) is an electronic component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits by using light. [1]
In optoelectronics, an opto-electronic oscillator (OEO) is a circuit that produces a repetitive electronic sine wave and/or modulated optical continuous wave signals. An opto-electronic oscillator is based on converting the continuous light energy from a pump laser to radio frequency (RF), microwave or mm-wave signals.
Some coherent optical modules can fall back to older, simpler modulation techniques such as on-off keying (NRZ) and/or Pulse-amplitude modulation with 4 levels (PAM-4) when appropriate. This is used, for example, when it is discovered that the module on the other end of the link does not support coherent modulation.
In telecommunications, an eye pattern, also known as an eye diagram, is an oscilloscope display in which a digital signal from a receiver is repetitively sampled and applied to the vertical input (y-axis), while the data rate is used to trigger the horizontal sweep (x-axis). It is so called because, for several types of coding, the pattern ...
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