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Feline odontoclastic resorption lesion (FORL) is a syndrome in cats characterized by resorption of the tooth by odontoclasts, cells similar to osteoclasts. FORL has also been called Feline tooth resorption ( TR ), neck lesion , cervical neck lesion , cervical line erosion , feline subgingival resorptive lesion , feline caries , or feline cavity .
If oral hygiene is not supported and periodontal disease develops, the overall health of the animal is affected. [3] [4] Oral disease is not a new problem for cats. A 2014 study examined the skulls of cats that died before 1960 and discovered the same feline dental diseases found in modern times. [4]
Gingivitis is a non-destructive disease that causes inflammation of the gums; [1] ulitis is an alternative term. [2] The most common form of gingivitis, and the most common form of periodontal disease overall, is in response to bacterial biofilms (also called plaque ) that are attached to tooth surfaces, termed plaque-induced gingivitis .
Aging in cats is the process by which cats change over the course of their natural lifespans. The normal lifespan of domestic cats is in the range of 13 to 20 years. As cats senesce, they undergo predictable changes in health and behavior. Dental disease and loss of olfaction are common as cats age, affecting eating habits.
As gingivitis progresses further and is not treated, it may progress into periodontitis. Periodontal disease is when the gums surrounding the teeth become swollen causing surrounding plaque to build up. If left untreated can cause the teeth to become loose due to weak gums. Periodontal disease can compromise factors such as: [4] Gingiva
Birman. The Birman cat is a medium to large breed with a silky, semi-long coat, deep blue eyes, and a distinct color-point pattern. It lives for about 14 years.
Rather than a single disease entity, periodontal disease is a combination of multiple disease processes that share a common clinical manifestation. The cause includes both local and systemic factors. The disease consists of a chronic inflammation associated with loss of alveolar bone. Advanced disease features include pus and exudates.
Chronic periodontitis is initiated by Gram-negative tooth-associated microbial biofilms that elicit a host response, which results in bone and soft tissue destruction. In response to endotoxin derived from periodontal pathogens, several osteoclast-related mediators target the destruction of alveolar bone and supporting connective tissue such as the periodontal ligament.