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The Clay Mathematics Institute officially designated the title Millennium Problem for the seven unsolved mathematical problems, the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, Hodge conjecture, Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness, P versus NP problem, Riemann hypothesis, Yang–Mills existence and mass gap, and the Poincaré conjecture at the ...
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
The problem is named after Pál Turán, who formulated it while being forced to work in a brick factory during World War II. [ 1 ] A drawing method found by Kazimierz Zarankiewicz has been conjectured to give the correct answer for every complete bipartite graph, and the statement that this is true has come to be known as the Zarankiewicz ...
In mathematics, Hilbert's second problem was posed by David Hilbert in 1900 as one of his 23 problems. It asks for a proof that arithmetic is consistent – free of any internal contradictions. Hilbert stated that the axioms he considered for arithmetic were the ones given in Hilbert (1900) , which include a second order completeness axiom.
Smale's problems is a list of eighteen unsolved problems in mathematics proposed by Steve Smale in 1998 [1] and republished in 1999. [2] Smale composed this list in reply to a request from Vladimir Arnold, then vice-president of the International Mathematical Union, who asked several mathematicians to propose a list of problems for the 21st century.
The problem of finding the largest square that lies entirely within a unit cube is closely related, and has the same solution. Prince Rupert's cube is named after Prince Rupert of the Rhine , who asked whether a cube could be passed through a hole made in another cube of the same size without splitting the cube into two pieces.
This problem is known as the primitive circle problem, as it involves searching for primitive solutions to the original circle problem. [9] It can be intuitively understood as the question of how many trees within a distance of r are visible in the Euclid's orchard , standing in the origin.
Archimedes's cattle problem (or the problema bovinum or problema Archimedis) is a problem in Diophantine analysis, the study of polynomial equations with integer solutions. Attributed to Archimedes , the problem involves computing the number of cattle in a herd of the sun god from a given set of restrictions.