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Fractures are commonly obvious, since femoral fractures are often caused by high energy trauma. [1] Signs of fracture include swelling, deformity, and shortening of the leg. [2] Extensive soft-tissue injury, bleeding, and shock are common. [3] The most common symptom is severe pain, which prevents movement of the leg. [4]
A hip fracture is a break that occurs in the upper part of the femur (thigh bone), at the femoral neck or (rarely) the femoral head. [2] Symptoms may include pain around the hip, particularly with movement, and shortening of the leg. [2] Usually the person cannot walk. [3] A hip fracture is usually a femoral neck fracture.
A compression fracture is a collapse of a vertebra. It may be due to trauma or due to a weakening of the vertebra (compare with burst fracture ). This weakening is seen in patients with osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta , lytic lesions from metastatic or primary tumors , [ 1 ] or infection. [ 2 ]
An open fracture (or compound fracture) is a bone fracture where the broken bone breaks through the skin. [2] A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress , or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis , osteopenia , bone cancer , or osteogenesis imperfecta ...
Typically the leg is immobilized in a straight position for the first three weeks and then increasing degrees of bending are allowed. [2] Other types of fractures generally require surgery. [2] [4] Patella fractures make up about 1% of all broken bones. [3] Males are affected more often than females. [3] Those of middle age are most often ...
The amount of recovery time varies greatly depending upon the location and severity of the fracture, and the body's healing response. Complete rest and a stirrup leg brace or walking boot are usually used for a period of four to eight weeks, although periods of rest of twelve weeks or more are not uncommon for more-severe stress fractures. [9]
The key factor in acute compartment syndrome is the time to diagnosis and fasciotomy. [12] A missed or late diagnosis may require limb amputation to survive. [63] [13] After a fasciotomy, some symptoms may be permanent. [13] It depends on which compartment was affected, the time until surgery, and muscle necrosis.
A bimalleolar fracture is a fracture of the ankle that involves the lateral malleolus and the medial malleolus. Studies have shown [ 1 ] that bimalleolar fractures are more common in women, people over 60 years of age, and patients with existing comorbidities.