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A palatal expander is a device in the field of orthodontics which is used to widen the upper jaw [1] so that the bottom and upper teeth will fit together better. [2] [3] This is a common orthodontic procedure. The use of an expander is most common in children and adolescents 8–18 years of age.
Whatever the purpose, orthodontic headgear works by exerting tension on the braces via hooks, a facebow, coils, elastic bands, metal orthodontic bands, and other attachable appliances directly into the patient's mouth. It is most effective for children and teenagers because their jaws are still developing and can be easily manipulated.
Children with poor oral hygiene and diet will be at an increased risk. Periodontal disease: irregular teeth would hinder the ability to clean teeth meaning poor plaque control. Additionally, if teeth are crowded, some may be more buccally or lingually placed, there will be reduced bone and periodontal support.
Lingual braces are a cosmetic alternative in which custom-made braces are bonded to the back of the teeth making them externally invisible. Titanium braces resemble stainless-steel braces but are lighter and just as strong. People with allergies to nickel in steel often choose titanium braces, but they are more expensive than stainless steel ...
They involve attaching the orthodontic brackets on the inner (lingual vs. buccal) sides of the teeth. The main advantage of lingual braces is their near invisibility [1] compared to the standard braces, which are attached on the buccal (cheek) sides of the tooth. [2] Lingual braces were invented by Craven Kurz in 1976. [3]
Tongue thrusting is a type of orofacial myofunctional disorder, which is defined as habitual resting or thrusting the tongue forward and/or sideways against or between the teeth while swallowing, chewing, resting, or speaking. Abnormal swallowing patterns push the upper teeth forward and away from the upper alveolar processes and cause open bites.
Dental fear, or dentophobia, is a normal emotional reaction to one or more specific threatening stimuli in the dental situation. [1] [2] However, dental anxiety is indicative of a state of apprehension that something dreadful is going to happen in relation to dental treatment, and it is usually coupled with a sense of losing control. [1]
School dentist examining children's teeth. Netherlands, 1935. A child getting a filling at the dentist. Malmö National Dental Service 1989.. Pediatric dentistry (formerly pedodontics in American English or paedodontics in Commonwealth English) is the branch of dentistry dealing with children from birth through adolescence. [1]
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