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Third-degree price discrimination means charging a different price to a group of consumers based on their different elasticities of demand: the less elastic group is charged a higher price. [22] For example, rail and tube (subway) travelers can be subdivided into commuters and casual travelers, and cinema goers can be subdivided into adults and ...
Price discrimination may improve consumer surplus. When a firm price discriminates, it will sell up to the point where marginal cost meets the demand curve. Some conditions are required for price discrimination to exist: Firms must face a downward-sloping demand curve, i.e. the demand for a product is inversely proportional to its price.
The three basic forms of price discrimination are first, second and third degree price discrimination. In first degree price discrimination the company charges the maximum price each customer is willing to pay. The maximum price a consumer is willing to pay for a unit of the good is the reservation price.
According to the degree of price difference, price discrimination can be divided into three levels. [11] Natural monopoly, a monopoly in which economies of scale cause efficiency to increase continuously with the size of the firm. A firm is a natural monopoly if it is able to serve the entire market demand at a lower cost than any combination ...
1. The principal aspect of predatory pricing is that the seller in the market has a certain economic or technical strength which distinguishes it from price discrimination, where competition exists amongst both buyers and sellers. 2. The geographic market for predatory pricing is the country's domestic market which differentiates it from "dumping".
Additional forms of price discrimination include bundling, intrapersonal price discrimination and purchase-history price discrimination. [45] A firm's ability to price discriminate effectively can improve their profitability and/or increase their customer base, but only if the conditions required for price discrimination are met.
Price means net price and includes all compensation paid. The seller may not throw in additional goods or services. Injured parties or the US government may bring an action under the Act. Liability under section 2(a) of the Act (with criminal sanctions) may arise on sales that involve: discrimination in price; on at least two consummated sales;
The equilibrium price, commonly called the "market price", is the price where economic forces such as supply and demand are balanced and in the absence of external influences the (equilibrium) values of economic variables will not change, often described as the point at which quantity demanded and quantity supplied are equal (in a perfectly ...