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A longitudinal study (or longitudinal survey, or panel study) is a research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., people) over long periods of time (i.e., uses longitudinal data). It is often a type of observational study, although it can also be structured as longitudinal randomized experiment. [1]
The National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 (NLS-72) was a comprehensive study conducted to track the educational, vocational, and personal development of high school seniors who graduated in 1972. NLS-72 was implemented by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), a division of the U.S. Department of Education.
A popular repeated-measures design is the crossover study. A crossover study is a longitudinal study in which subjects receive a sequence of different treatments (or exposures). While crossover studies can be observational studies, many important crossover studies are controlled experiments.
An online school (virtual school, e-school, or cyber-school) teaches students entirely or primarily online or through the Internet. Online education exists all around the world and is used for all levels of education (K-12 High school/secondary school, college, or graduate school). Virtual education is becoming increasingly used worldwide.
The study started with over 18,000 nationally representative individuals. [11] It involved more than 9,000 individuals as of 2009. Socio-Economic Panel, a longitudinal panel dataset of the population in Germany. It is a household-based study that started in 1984 and which reinterviews adult household members annually.
A prospective cohort study is a longitudinal cohort study that follows over time a group of similar individuals who differ with respect to certain factors under study to determine how these factors affect rates of a certain outcome. [1]
A retrospective cohort study, also called a historic cohort study, is a longitudinal cohort study used in medical and psychological research. A cohort of individuals that share a common exposure factor is compared with another group of equivalent individuals not exposed to that factor, to determine the factor's influence on the incidence of a ...
A cohort study is a particular form of longitudinal study that samples a cohort (a group of people who share a defining characteristic, typically those who experienced a common event in a selected period, such as birth or graduation), performing a cross-section at intervals through time.