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The crossover between molecular pathology and epidemiology is represented by a related field "molecular pathological epidemiology". [22] Molecular pathology is commonly used in diagnosis of cancer and infectious diseases.
Recently, EFLM has chosen the name of "Specialists in Laboratory Medicine" to define all European Clinical pathologists, regardless of their training (M.D., Ph.D. or Pharm.D.). [4] In France, Clinical Pathology is called Medical Biology ("Biologie médicale") and is practiced by both M.D.s and Pharm.D.s. The residency lasts four years.
Pathophysiology (or physiopathology) is a branch of study, at the intersection of pathology and physiology, concerning disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with a disease or injury.
Pathological (mathematics), any mathematical phenomenon considered atypically bad or counterintuitive; Pathological science, a process by which the scientific process is distorted through wishful thinking or subjective bias; Phytopathology, the study of abnormalities in plants; Psychopathology, any illness of the mind
The pathological definition based on proven dissemination in time and space has problems. For example, it leaves situations like RIS (radiologically isolated syndrome) outside the MS spectrum because the lack of proof, even in the case that this condition later could shown the same pathogenic conditions than MS cases. [162]
The pathological perspective can be directly integrated into an epidemiological approach in the interdisciplinary field of molecular pathological epidemiology. [6] Molecular pathological epidemiology can help to assess pathogenesis and causality by means of linking a potential risk factor to molecular pathologic signatures of a disease. [7]
Immunopathology is a branch of medicine that deals with immune responses associated with disease.It includes the study of the pathology of an organism, organ system, or disease with respect to the immune system, immunity, and immune responses.
Micrograph of a vasculitic neuropathy.Plastic embedded. Toluidine blue stain.. Neuropathology is the study of disease of nervous system tissue, usually in the form of either small surgical biopsies or whole-body autopsies.