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Osiris was the judge and lord of the dead and the underworld, the "Lord of Silence" [11] and Khenti-Amentiu, meaning "Foremost of the Westerners". [12] In the Old Kingdom (2686–2181 BC) the pharaoh was considered a son of the sun god Ra who, after his death, ascended to join Ra in the sky. After the spread of the Osiris cult, however, the ...
Chapter 125 [3] of the Book of the Dead lists names and provenances (either geographical or atmospheric) of the Assessors of Maat. A declaration of innocence corresponds to each deity: it is pronounced by the dead himself, to avoid being damned for specific "sins" that each of the 42 Judges is in charge of punishing.
As ruler of the land of the dead and as a god connected with maat, Osiris became the judge in this posthumous trial, offering life after death to those who followed his example. [105] New Kingdom funerary texts such as the Amduat and the Book of Gates liken Ra himself to a deceased soul.
To the ancient Egyptians, the judgment of the dead was the process that allowed the Egyptian gods to judge the worthiness of the souls of the deceased. Deeply rooted in the Egyptian belief in immortality, judgment was one of the most important parts of the journey through the afterlife.
Khenti-Amentiu, also Khentiamentiu, Khenti-Amenti, Kenti-Amentiu and many other spellings, is an ancient Egyptian deity whose name was also used as a title for Osiris and Anubis. The name means "Foremost of the Westerners" or "Chief of the Westerners", where "Westerners" refers to the dead. [1]
The Mysteries of Osiris, also known as Osirism, [1] were religious festivities celebrated in ancient Egypt to commemorate the murder and regeneration of Osiris.The course of the ceremonies is attested by various written sources, but the most important document is the Ritual of the Mysteries of Osiris in the Month of Khoiak, a compilation of Middle Kingdom texts engraved during the Ptolemaic ...
Nehebkau depicted in Spell 87 of the Book of the Dead of Ani. As a funerary god and one of the forty-two judges in the Court of Maat, Nehebkau played a significant role in the Ancient Egyptian perception of the afterlife. [4] As well as guarding the underworld, he was occasionally represented as a personal guard of Osiris. [8]
The hidden chamber refers to the tomb of Osiris behind the door of the 5th Hour, where the judgment of the dead takes place. [H 4] In addition to his function as supreme judge, Osiris is an important receptacle of vital energy. To regenerate himself, Ra lands on Osiris' mummy, becomes one with him for a brief moment, then continues on his way ...