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Calcium-silicate passive fire protection board being clad around steel structure in order to achieve a fire-resistance rating. Calcium silicate is commonly used as a safe alternative to asbestos for high-temperature insulation materials. Industrial-grade piping and equipment insulation is often fabricated from calcium silicate.
Cement hydration and strength development mainly depend on two silicate phases: tricalcium silicate (C 3 S) , and dicalcium silicate (C 2 S) . [1] Upon hydration, the main reaction products are calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2, written as CH in the cement chemist notation. C-S-H is the phase playing the role of ...
Samples of "ground granulated blast furnace slag" (left) and "granulated blast furnace slag" (right) Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS or GGBFS) is obtained by quenching molten iron slag (a by-product of iron and steel-making) from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder.
The major raw material for the clinker-making is usually limestone mixed with a second material containing clay as a source of alumino-silicate. An impure limestone containing clay or silicon dioxide (SiO 2) can be used. The calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) content of these limestones can be as low as 80% by weight. During the calcination process ...
ISO 3008-4:2021 Part 4: Linear joint fire seal materials used to seal the gap between a fire door frame and the supporting construction; ISO 3009:2003 Fire-resistance tests — Elements of building construction — Glazed elements; ISO 3010:2017 Bases for design of structures — Seismic actions on structures
Only calcium silicates contribute to the strength. Tricalcium silicate is responsible for most of the early strength (first 7 days). [3] Dicalcium silicate, which reacts more slowly, only contributes to late strength. Calcium silicate hydrate (also shown as C-S-H) is a result of the reaction between the silicate phases of Portland cement and water.
Dicalcium silicate is stable, and is readily prepared from reactive CaO and SiO 2 at 300 °C. The low temperature form is γ-belite, or lime olivine . This form does not hydrate, and is avoided in cement manufacture.
The main phases are the calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) (the "glue" in cement paste), calcium sulfo-aluminate phases (AFm and AFt, ettringite) and hydrogarnet. C-S-H phases are less soluble (~ 10 −5 M) than portlandite (CH) (~ 2.2 10 −2 M at 25 °C) and therefore are expected to play a negligible role for the calcium ions release.