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A molten-salt reactor (MSR) is a class of nuclear fission reactor in which the primary nuclear reactor coolant and/or the fuel is a mixture of molten salt with a fissile material. Two research MSRs operated in the United States in the mid-20th century.
The fuel was 7 LiF-BeF 2-ZrF 4-UF 4 (65-29.1-5-0.9 mole %). The first fuel was 33% 235 U; later a smaller amount of 233 UF 4 was used. By 1960 a better understanding of fluoride salt based molten-salt reactors had emerged from earlier molten salt reactor research for the Aircraft Reactor Experiment.
Due to the success of both the Aircraft Reactor Experiment (ARE) and Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE), ORNL went on to design a MSDR and a Molten Salt Breeder Reactor (MSBR). The MSDR is a 750 MW th MSR design that uses LiF-BeF 2-ThF 4-UF 4 (71.5-16.0-12.0-0.5 mole %) as the primary fuel salt.
A small modular reactor (SMR) based on the LF1, as well as a fuel salt research facility, is planned for the same site. New reactor specifications include: core graphite 3 m tall x 2.2 m wide, 700 °C operating temperature, 60 MW thermal output, and an experimental supercritical carbon dioxide -based closed-cycle gas turbine to convert the ...
The BOR-60 reactor is designed to operate on a mixed-oxide MOX fuel, based on UO 2 (highly enriched uranium, 45%-90% 235 U) and PuO 2. [6] The reactor is mainly constructed out of stainless steel . [ 7 ]
The unit includes all the primary components of the nuclear reactor that operate on the liquid molten fluoride salt fuel: moderator, primary heat exchangers, pumps and shutdown rods. [6] The Core-unit forms the heart of the IMSR system. In the Core-unit, the fuel salt is circulated between the graphite core and heat exchangers.
A two fluid reactor that has thorium in the fuel salt is sometimes called a "one and a half fluid" reactor, or 1.5 fluid reactor. [26] This is a hybrid, with some of the advantages and disadvantages of both 1 fluid and 2 fluid reactors. Like the 1 fluid reactor, it has thorium in the fuel salt, which complicates the fuel processing.
A cutout of a stable salt reactor core. The stable salt reactor (SSR) is a nuclear reactor design under development by Moltex Energy Canada Inc. [1] and its subsidiary Moltex Energy USA LLC, based in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom, as well as MoltexFLEX Ltd., based in the United Kingdom.