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Acute use (1–3 days) yields a potency about 1.5× stronger than that of morphine and chronic use (7 days+) yields a potency about 2.5 to 5× that of morphine. Similarly, the effect of tramadol increases after consecutive dosing due to the accumulation of its active metabolite and an increase of the oral bioavailability in chronic use.
Morphine sulfate pentahydrade (trade names including Dolcontin) has a higher molecular mass than morphine base, and therefore 10 mg morphine sulfate pentahydrate contains approximatively 7.5 mg of morphine free base. [11] Extended-release morphine can be administered together with "rescue doses" of immediate-release morphine pro re nata in case ...
Morphine phosphate (1 ⁄ 2 H 2 O) II: 9300 0.73 Morphine phosphate (7 H 2 O) II: 9300 0.73 Morphine salicylate II: 9300 Morphine pectinate II: 9300 0.778 Morphine phenylpropionate II: 9300 0.65 Morphine methyliodide II: 9300 0.67 Morphine isobutyrate II: 9300 0.76 Morphine hypophosphite II: 9300 0.81 Morphine sulfate (5 H 2 O) II: 9300 0.75 ...
epocrates is a widely used mobile medical reference application that provides healthcare professionals with access to clinical information at the point of care. The software is designed to assist physicians, pharmacists, nurse practitioners, physician assistants and other healthcare providers in making informed decisions about drug interactions, medical calculations, diagnosis and treatment ...
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) or opioid-induced abnormal pain sensitivity, also called paradoxical hyperalgesia, is an uncommon condition of generalized pain caused by the long-term use of high dosages of opioids [1] such as morphine, [2] oxycodone, [3] and methadone. [4] [5] OIH is not necessarily confined to the original affected site. [6]
Hydromorphone is believed to work by activating opioid receptors, mainly in the brain and spinal cord. [7] Hydromorphone 2 mg IV is equivalent to approximately 10 mg morphine IV. [9] Hydromorphone was patented in 1923. [12] Hydromorphone is made from morphine. [13] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [14]
Fentanyl. 2 mg (white powder to the right) is a lethal dose in most people. [19] US penny is 19 mm (0.75 in) wide. Risk factors for opioid overdose include opioid dependence, injecting opioids, using high doses of opioids, and use together with alcohol, benzodiazepines, or cocaine. [1] [2] The risk is particularly high following detoxification. [1]
To the contrary, in rats, (+)-morphine acts as an antianalgesic and is approximately 71,000 times more potent as an antianalgesic than (−)-morphine is as an analgesic. [ 1 ] (+)-Morphine derives its antianalgesic effects by being a selective-agonist of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which due to not binding to opioid receptors allows it to ...