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Lake Chad (Arabic: بحيرة تشاد, Kanuri: Sádǝ, French: Lac Tchad) is an endorheic freshwater lake located at the junction of four countries: Nigeria, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon, in western and central Africa respectively, with a catchment area in excess of 1,000,000 km 2 (390,000 sq mi). It is an important wetland ecosystem in West ...
The Ennedi Plateau and the Ouaddaï highlands in the east complete the image of a gradually sloping basin, which descends towards Lake Chad. There are also central highlands in the Guera region rising to 1,500 m (4,921 ft). Lake Chad is the second largest lake in west Africa [4] and is one of the most important wetlands on the continent. [5]
The Lake Chad Basin Commission was established in 1964 by Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Nigeria, the four countries that contain parts of Lake Chad. [10] [14] About 20% of the basin, lying in these countries, is termed the Conventional Basin. The Lake Chad Basin Commission manages use of water and other natural resources in this area. [9]
The region borders Kanem Region to the north and east, Hadjer-Lamis Region and Cameroon to the south, Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the northwest.. The region is dominated geographically by Lake Chad, a seasonally fluctuating lake of major importance in this part of Africa. [3]
Lake Chad is a large shallow lake, lying at the center of a large closed drainage basin, with no outlet to the sea. The Lake Chad basin has an area of 2,381,635 square kilometres (919,554 sq mi). The northern portion of the basin is arid or semi-arid, and the southern portion has a seasonally-dry savanna climate.
The geology of Chad includes an area of metamorphic rocks of Precambrian age surrounding the Chad Basin which is floored with Tertiary and Quaternary sediments.There are Precambrian rocks in the Tibesti Mountains in the north and the east while in eastern Chad are basement rocks, some of which extend into Darfur in neighbouring Sudan.
Chad has several regions: the Sahara desert in the north, an arid zone in the centre known as the Sahel and a more fertile Sudanian Savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the second-largest wetland in Africa. Chad's official languages are Arabic and French. [9] It is home to over 200 different ethnic and ...
It covers the Chad part of Lake Chad bordering a cordon of dunes on the northeast called the "erg" while the southern limits of the lake consists of plains. It is a composite of "open waters, islets and sandbanks, polders, oases and temporary and permanent "natron" or alkalai pools" covering all the four nations which share it.