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A two-dimensional semiconductor (also known as 2D semiconductor) is a type of natural semiconductor with thicknesses on the atomic scale. Geim and Novoselov et al. initiated the field in 2004 when they reported a new semiconducting material graphene, a flat monolayer of carbon atoms arranged in a 2D honeycomb lattice. [1]
A compound semiconductor is a semiconductor compound composed of chemical elements of at least two different species. These semiconductors form for example in periodic table groups 13–15 (old groups III–V), for example of elements from the Boron group (old group III, boron, aluminium, gallium, indium) and from group 15 (old group V, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth).
2D nature and high spin–orbit coupling in TMD layers can be used as promising materials for spintronic applications. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] The work on TMD monolayers is an emerging research and development field since the discovery of the direct bandgap [ 2 ] and the potential applications in electronics [ 14 ] [ 3 ] and valley physics.
A B 36 cluster might be seen as smallest borophene; front and side view. Borophene is a crystalline atomic monolayer of boron and is also known as boron sheet.First predicted by theory in the mid-1990s in a freestanding state, [21] and then demonstrated as distinct monoatomic layers on substrates by Zhang et al., [22] different borophene structures were experimentally confirmed in 2015.
The semiconductor materials used in electronic devices are doped under precise conditions to control the concentration and regions of p- and n-type dopants. A single semiconductor device crystal can have many p- and n-type regions; the p–n junctions between these regions are responsible for the useful electronic behavior.
The layer-dependent optoelectronic properties of MoS 2 have promoted much research in 2-dimensional MoS 2-based devices. 2D MoS 2 can be produced by exfoliating bulk crystals to produce single-layer to few-layer flakes either through a dry, micromechanical process or through solution processing.
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