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In 1218, a Mongolian trade caravan of around 450 men arrived in Otrar, including an ambassador of Genghis Khan. The governor of Otrar, Inalchuq , who was an uncle of Sultan Muhammad II of the Khwarazmian Empire [ 5 ] accused them of being Mongolian spies and arrested them, [ 6 ] and with the assent of Sultan Muhammed, executed the entire caravan.
The siege of Samarkand (1220) took place in 1220 A.D. after Genghis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire, had launched a multi-pronged invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire, ruled by Shah Muhammad II. The Mongols had laid siege to the border town of Otrar , but finding its defences obdurate, a large force commanded by Genghis and his youngest son ...
Genghis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire, invaded Transoxiana in 1219 during his conquest of Khwarezm. Before he died in 1227, he assigned the lands of Western Central Asia to his second son, Chagatai Khan , and this region became known as the Chagatai Khanate .
The Silk Road [a] was a network of Asian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century. [1] Spanning over 6,400 km (4,000 mi), it played a central role in facilitating economic, cultural, political, and religious interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds.
Genghis Khan [a] (born Temüjin; c. 1162 – August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, [b] was the founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongol tribes , he launched a series of military campaigns , conquering large parts of China and Central Asia .
Genghis Khan ordered two of his foremost generals, Subutai and Jebe, to follow the Shah and prevent any such Khwarazmian resurgence; meanwhile, he sent his youngest son Tolui south to subjugate any resistance. The region Khorasan contained Silk Road cities such as Merv, Nishapur, and Herat, which were among the largest and richest in the world ...
Merv, also formerly known as "Alexandria", "Antiochia in Margiana" and "Marw al-Shāhijān", was a major Iranian city on the historical Silk Road, situated in Khorasan.. Capital of several polities throughout its rich history, Merv became the seat of the caliph al-Ma'mun and the capital of the entire Islamic caliphate in the beginning of the 9th centur
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