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28 + (2) 7 [54] Turkish: Turkic: 31 + (1) 23 + (1) 8 Some consider ğ to be a separate phoneme. Ubykh: Northwest Caucasian: 86-88: 84 2-4 4 consonants are only found in loanwords. Urdu: Indo-European: 61: 48 11 + (2) Besides its Indo-Aryan base, Urdu includes a range of phonemes which are derived from other languages such as Arabic, Persian ...
The velar nasal /ŋ/ is not a native phoneme of French, but it occurs in loan words such as camping, smoking or kung-fu. [7] Some speakers who have difficulty with this consonant realise it as a sequence [ŋɡ] or replace it with /ɲ/. [8] It could be considered a separate phoneme in Meridional French, e.g. pain /pɛŋ/ ('bread') vs. penne ...
French orthography encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the French language.It is based on a combination of phonemic and historical principles. The spelling of words is largely based on the pronunciation of Old French c. 1100 –1200 AD, and has stayed more or less the same since then, despite enormous changes to the pronunciation of the language in the intervening years.
The phonemes /y/ and /yː/ are not distinct in modern French of France or in modern Quebec French; the spelling <û> was the /yː/ phoneme, but flûte is pronounced with a short /y/ in modern French of France and in modern Quebec French. The phonemes /u/ and /uː/ are not distinct in modern French of France or in modern Quebec French; the ...
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of French on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of French in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
A phoneme might be represented by a combination of two or more letters (digraph, trigraph, etc.), like sh in English or sch in German (both representing the phoneme /ʃ/). Also a single letter may represent two phonemes, as in English x representing /gz/ or /ks/.
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.
[2] [note 4] However, if a large number of phonemically distinct letters can be derived with a diacritic, that may be used instead. [note 5] The alphabet is designed for transcribing sounds (phones), not phonemes, though it is used for phonemic transcription as well.