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Research in humans and animal models has suggested that sexual differentiation in the brain begins early in development, and that certain brain cells might maintain their intrinsic sex identity, even in the absence of external hormonal signaling. [126] For example, while hormones such as estrogen and testosterone are known to influence brain ...
[1]: 24 This hypothesis is originated from experimental studies in non-human mammals, yet the argument that similar effects can be seen in human neurobehavioral development is a much debated topic among scholars. [2] Recent studies, however, have provided evidence in support of prenatal androgen exposure influencing childhood sex-typed behavior.
The influence of hormones on the developing fetus has been the most influential causal hypothesis of the development of sexual orientation. [6] [17] In simple terms, the developing fetal brain begins in a "female" typical state. The presence of the Y-chromosome in males prompts the development of testes, which release testosterone, the primary ...
The relationship between biology and sexual orientation is a subject of on-going research. While scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation, they theorize that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences.
The fraternal birth order effect does not apply to the development of female homosexuality. [13] Blanchard does not believe the same antibody response would cause homosexuality in firstborn gay sons – instead, they may owe their orientation to genes, prenatal hormones and other maternal immune responses which also influence fetal brain ...
Endocrinology (from endocrine + -ology) is a branch of biology and medicine dealing with the endocrine system, its diseases, and its specific secretions known as hormones.It is also concerned with the integration of developmental events proliferation, growth, and differentiation, and the psychological or behavioral activities of metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sleep ...
The neuroscience of sex differences is the study of characteristics that separate brains of different sexes. Psychological sex differences are thought by some to reflect the interaction of genes, hormones, and social learning on brain development throughout the lifespan.
A number of factors combine to influence the development of sex differences, including genetics and epigenetics; [5] differences in brain structure and function; [6] hormones, [7] and socialization. [3] [4] [8] [page needed] The formation of gender is controversial in many scientific fields, including psychology. Specifically, researchers and ...