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  2. List of random number generators - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_random_number...

    Widely used in many programs, e.g. it is used in Excel 2003 and later versions for the Excel function RAND [8] and it was the default generator in the language Python up to version 2.2. [9] Rule 30: 1983 S. Wolfram [10] Based on cellular automata. Inversive congruential generator (ICG) 1986 J. Eichenauer and J. Lehn [11] Blum Blum Shub: 1986

  3. Mersenne Twister - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersenne_Twister

    The Mersenne Twister is a general-purpose pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) developed in 1997 by Makoto Matsumoto (松本 眞) and Takuji Nishimura (西村 拓士). [1] [2] Its name derives from the choice of a Mersenne prime as its period length.

  4. Pseudorandom number generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorandom_number_generator

    Defects exhibited by flawed PRNGs range from unnoticeable (and unknown) to very obvious. An example was the RANDU random number algorithm used for decades on mainframe computers. It was seriously flawed, but its inadequacy went undetected for a very long time.

  5. Lehmer random number generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehmer_random_number_generator

    Most commonly, the modulus is chosen as a prime number, making the choice of a coprime seed trivial (any 0 < X 0 < m will do). This produces the best-quality output, but introduces some implementation complexity, and the range of the output is unlikely to match the desired application; converting to the desired range requires an additional multiplication.

  6. Random number generation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_number_generation

    Dice are an example of a mechanical hardware random number generator. When a cubical die is rolled, a random number from 1 to 6 is obtained. Random number generation is a process by which, often by means of a random number generator (RNG), a sequence of numbers or symbols is generated that cannot be reasonably predicted better than by random chance.

  7. Algorithmically random sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithmically_random...

    RAND c (the complement of RAND) is a measure 0 subset of the set of all infinite sequences. This is implied by the fact that each constructive null cover covers a measure 0 set, there are only countably many constructive null covers, and a countable union of measure 0 sets has measure 0. This implies that RAND is a measure 1 subset of the set ...

  8. Range (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_(statistics)

    In descriptive statistics, the range of a set of data is size of the narrowest interval which contains all the data. It is calculated as the difference between the largest and smallest values (also known as the sample maximum and minimum ). [ 1 ]

  9. Linear congruential generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_congruential_generator

    The sequence produced by other choices of c can be written as a simple function of the sequence when c=1. [1]: 11 Specifically, if Y is the prototypical sequence defined by Y 0 = 0 and Y n+1 = aY n + 1 mod m, then a general sequence X n+1 = aX n + c mod m can be written as an affine function of Y: