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The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican City (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Citta di Vaticano), or simply Saint Peter's Basilica (Latin: Basilica Sancti Petri; Italian: Basilica di San Pietro [baˈziːlika di sam ˈpjɛːtro]), is a church of the Italian High Renaissance located in Vatican City, an independent microstate enclaved within the city of Rome, Italy.
The origins of the Vatican Grottoes date back to the 16th century, specifically around 1590–1591, when they were constructed to support the floor of the Renaissance-era St. Peter's Basilica. The initial concept was proposed by architect Antonio da Sangallo the Younger to Pope Leo X following Raphael's death in 1520. [1]
Bronze statue of Saint Peter by Arnolfo di Cambio, dating to the 13th century. The design was a typical basilica form [10] with the plan and elevation resembling those of Roman basilicas and audience halls, such as the Basilica Ulpia in Trajan's Forum and Constantine's own Aula Palatina at Trier, rather than the design of any Greco-Roman temple. [11]
During the 20th century, the Vatican City began to restore some decades of buildings under the sponsorship of the rich. The renovation of St. Peter's Basilica was in 1981–1999 which includes scrubbing layers of grayish grime, bring colors to St. Peter's Basilica and repairing some parts of St. Peter's Basilica. [20]
Map of the Apostolic Palace: 1-St.Peter's basilica 2-Sistine Chapel 3-Sala Regia 4,4b-Scala Regia 5-Pauline Chapel 6-Sala Ducale 7-Corridor of Bernini 8-St.Peter's Square 9-St.Peter's vestibule. The hall was begun under Pope Paul III by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger and was completed in 1573.
Plan of the Renaissance St Peter's Basilica, showing elements of both central and longitudinal plan. Many of the earliest churches of Byzantium have a longitudinal plan. At Hagia Sophia , Istanbul, there is a central dome, framed on one axis by two high semi-domes and on the other by low rectangular transept arms, the overall plan being square.
St. Peter's Basilica and Gardens of Vatican City The Vatican Gardens (Italian: Giardini Vaticani) in Vatican City, are private urban gardens and parks which cover more than half of the country, located in the west of the territory and owned by the Pope. There are some buildings, such as Radio Vatican and the Governor's Palace, within the gardens.
St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, the largest church in the world. [1] Churches can be measured and compared in several ways. These include area, volume, length, width, height, or capacity. Several churches individually claim to be "the largest church", which may be due to any one of these criteria.