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Embroidery is the art of decorating fabric or other materials using a needle to stitch thread or yarn. Embroidery may also incorporate other materials such as pearls, beads, quills, and sequins. In modern days, embroidery is usually seen on hats, clothing, blankets, and handbags. Embroidery is available in a wide variety of thread or yarn colour.
In embroidery as in other crafts, Morris was anxious to encourage self-expression via handcrafts. His shop Morris & Co. sold both finished custom embroideries and kits in the new style, along with vegetable dyed silks in which to work them. Art needlework was considered an appropriate style for decorating artistic dress.
Needlework was an important fact of women's identity during the Victorian age, including embroidery, netting, knitting, crochet, and Berlin wool work. A growing middle class had more leisure time than ever before; printed materials offered homemakers thousands of patterns.
The Butler-Bowdon Cope, 1330–1350, V&A Museum no. T.36-1955.. The Anglo-Saxon embroidery style combining split stitch and couching with silk and goldwork in gold or silver-gilt thread of the Durham examples flowered from the 12th to the 14th centuries into a style known to contemporaries as Opus Anglicanum or "English work".
Clare embroidery was a style of Irish textile art established at the Clare Embroidery School, which was founded by Florence Vere O'Brien. Using floral and geometric designs, often in blue and white threads, pieces decorated in this style were exhibited in Ireland, England and America. Queen Victoria purchased smocks decorated with Clare embroidery.
A needlework sampler is a piece of embroidery or cross-stitching produced as a 'specimen of achievement', [1] demonstration or a test of skill in needlework. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It often includes the alphabet, figures, motifs, decorative borders and sometimes the name of the person who embroidered it and the date.
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Berlin wool work is a style of embroidery similar to today's needlepoint that was particularly popular in Europe and America from 1804 to 1875. [1]: 66 It is typically executed with wool yarn on canvas, [2] worked in a single stitch such as cross stitch or tent stitch, although Beeton's book of Needlework (1870) describes 15 different stitches for use in Berlin work.