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Fake news websites are those which intentionally, but not necessarily solely, publish hoaxes and disinformation for purposes other than news satire. Some of these sites use homograph spoofing attacks , typosquatting and other deceptive strategies similar to those used in phishing attacks to resemble genuine news outlets.
Statistics, when used in a misleading fashion, can trick the casual observer into believing something other than what the data shows. That is, a misuse of statistics occurs when a statistical argument asserts a falsehood. In some cases, the misuse may be accidental. In others, it is purposeful and for the gain of the perpetrator.
A site impersonating a Saudi news website [243] [244] ReligionMind.com ReligionMind.com Per PolitiFact. Published a false story with an out-of-context image and a fabricated attribution to Human Rights Watch. Copied a story from World News Daily Report. [1] [245] [246] [247] The Reporterz: thereporterz.com
Johns Hopkins, Yale and others are offering scientists and physicians guides for addressing misinformation and disinformation. It's an uphill battle.
The Shorenstein Center at Harvard University defines disinformation research as an academic field that studies "the spread and impacts of misinformation, disinformation, and media manipulation," including "how it spreads through online and offline channels, and why people are susceptible to believing bad information, and successful strategies for mitigating its impact". [23]
[275] [276] [278] A 2019 study in the journal Science, which examined dissemination of fake news articles on Facebook in the 2016 election, found that sharing of fake news articles on Facebook was "relatively rare", conservatives were more likely than liberals or moderates to share fake news, and there is a "strong age effect", whereby ...
Fake news websites deliberately publish hoaxes, propaganda, and disinformation to drive web traffic inflamed by social media. [8] [9] [10] These sites are distinguished from news satire as fake news articles are usually fabricated to deliberately mislead readers, either for profit or more ambiguous reasons, such as disinformation campaigns.
The site also includes a forum where people can openly ask questions about the information. [85] Similar sites allow individuals to copy and paste misinformation into a search engine and the site will investigate it. [86] Some sites exist to address misinformation about specific topics, such as climate change misinformation.