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The rates of fat embolism in long bone fractures vary from 1% to 30%. The mortality rate of fat-embolism syndrome is approximately 10–20%. [ 7 ] However, fat globules have been detected in 67% of those with orthopaedic trauma and can reach as high as 95% if the blood is sampled near the fracture site.
Fat embolism usually occurs when endogenous (from sources within the organism) fat tissue escapes into the blood circulation. The usual cause of fat embolism is therefore the fracture of tubular bones (such as the femur ), which will lead to the leakage of fat tissue within the bone marrow into ruptured vessels.
Chalkstick fractures are fractures, typically of long bones, in which the fracture is transverse to the long axis of the bone, like a broken stick of chalk. [1] A healthy long bone typically breaks like a hard woody stick as the collagen in the matrix adds remarkable flexibility to the mineral and the energy can run up and down the growth rings of bone.
a history of long-term intravenous therapy [1] (for air embolism) Bone fracture (for fat embolism ) [ 4 ] A septal defect of the heart makes it possible for paradoxical embolization , which happens when a clot in a vein enters the right side of the heart and passes through a hole into the left side.
An open fracture (or compound fracture) is a bone fracture where the broken bone breaks through the skin. [2] A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress , or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis , osteopenia , bone cancer , or osteogenesis imperfecta ...
A pathologic fracture is a bone fracture caused by weakness of the bone structure that leads to decrease mechanical resistance to normal mechanical loads. [1] This process is most commonly due to osteoporosis, but may also be due to other pathologies such as cancer, infection (such as osteomyelitis), inherited bone disorders, or a bone cyst.
Dysbaric osteonecrosis or DON is a form of avascular necrosis where there is death of a portion of the bone that is thought to be caused by nitrogen (N 2) embolism (blockage of the blood vessels by a bubble of nitrogen coming out of solution) in divers. [1] Although the definitive pathologic process is poorly understood, there are several ...
An embolism is the lodging of an embolus, a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a blood vessel. [1] The embolus may be a blood clot ( thrombus ), a fat globule ( fat embolism ), a bubble of air or other gas ( gas embolism ), amniotic fluid ( amniotic fluid embolism ), or foreign material .