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By the time Bjarne Stroustrup began his work on C++ in 1979–1980, [citation needed] void and void pointers were part of the C language dialect supported by AT&T-derived compilers. [1] The explicit use of void vs. giving no arguments in a function prototype has different semantics in C and C++, as detailed in this table: [2]
Their results show that 13–32% of generic functions use the dynamic type of one argument, while 2.7–6.5% of them use the dynamic type of multiple arguments. The remaining 65–93% of generic functions have one concrete method (overrider), and thus are not considered to use the dynamic types of their arguments.
[3] Callable units are present at multiple levels of abstraction in the programming environment. For example, a programmer may write a function in source code that is compiled to machine code that implements similar semantics. There is a callable unit in the source code and an associated one in the machine code, but they are different kinds of ...
[7]: §15.7.3 [8] [9] If that function is a pure virtual function, then undefined behavior occurs. [ 7 ] : §13.4.6 [ 8 ] This is true even if the class contains an implementation for that pure virtual function, since a call to a pure virtual function must be explicitly qualified. [ 10 ]
[2] [3] Any new expression that uses the placement syntax is a placement new expression, and any operator new or operator delete function that takes more than the mandatory first parameter (std:: size_t) is a placement new or placement delete function. [4] A placement new function takes two input parameters: std:: size_t and void *.
The second notable difference is that the void type is special and can never be stored in a record type, i.e. in a struct or a class in C/C++. In contrast, the unit type can be stored in records in functional programming languages, i.e. it can appear as the type of a field; the above implementation of the unit type in C++ can also be stored.
The bridge pattern is a design pattern used in software engineering that is meant to "decouple an abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary independently", introduced by the Gang of Four. [1]
In C and C++, volatile is a type qualifier, like const, and is a part of a type (e.g. the type of a variable or field). The behavior of the volatile keyword in C and C++ is sometimes given in terms of suppressing optimizations of an optimizing compiler: 1- don't remove existing volatile reads and writes, 2- don't add new volatile reads and writes, and 3- don't reorder volatile reads and writes.