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The Jupiter radius or Jovian radius (R J or R Jup) has a value of 71,492 km (44,423 mi), or 11.2 Earth radii (R 🜨) [2] (one Earth radius equals 0.08921 R J). The Jupiter radius is a unit of length used in astronomy to describe the radii of gas giants and some exoplanets. It is also used in describing brown dwarfs.
This list contains a selection of objects 50 and 99 km in radius (100 km to 199 km in average diameter). The listed objects currently include most objects in the asteroid belt and moons of the giant planets in this size range, but many newly discovered objects in the outer Solar System are missing, such as those included in the following ...
The symbol M ☉ is often used to refer to this unit. The solar mass (M ☉), 1.988 92 × 10 30 kg, is a standard way to express mass in astronomy, used to describe the masses of other stars and galaxies. It is equal to the mass of the Sun, about 333 000 times the mass of the Earth or 1 048 times the mass of Jupiter.
μ = Gm 1 + Gm 2 = μ 1 + μ 2, where m 1 and m 2 are the masses of the two bodies. Then: for circular orbits, rv 2 = r 3 ω 2 = 4π 2 r 3 /T 2 = μ; for elliptic orbits, 4π 2 a 3 /T 2 = μ (with a expressed in AU; T in years and M the total mass relative to that of the Sun, we get a 3 /T 2 = M) for parabolic trajectories, rv 2 is constant and ...
Based on Jupiter's composition, researchers have made the case for an initial formation outside the molecular nitrogen (N 2) snow line, which is estimated at 20–30 AU (3.0–4.5 billion km; 1.9–2.8 billion mi) from the Sun, and possibly even outside the argon snow line, which may be as far as 40 AU (6.0 billion km; 3.7 billion mi).
For planet Earth, which can be approximated as an oblate spheroid with radii 6 378.1 km and 6 356.8 km, the mean radius is = (( ) ) / = . The equatorial and polar radii of a planet are often denoted r e {\displaystyle r_{e}} and r p {\displaystyle r_{p}} , respectively.
By multiplication, the best IAU 2009 estimate was A = c 0 τ A = 149 597 870 700 ± 3 m, [20] based on a comparison of Jet Propulsion Laboratory and IAA–RAS ephemerides. [21] [22] [23] In 2006, the BIPM reported a value of the astronomical unit as 1.495 978 706 91 (6) × 10 11 m. [8]
Jupiter was known to astronomers of ancient times. [1] The Romans named it after their god Jupiter. [2] When viewed from Earth, Jupiter can reach an apparent magnitude of −2.94, bright enough for its reflected light to cast shadows, [3] and making it on average the third-brightest object in the night sky after the Moon and Venus.