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Text corpora (singular: text corpus) are large and structured sets of texts, which have been systematically collected.Text corpora are used by corpus linguists and within other branches of linguistics for statistical analysis, hypothesis testing, finding patterns of language use, investigating language change and variation, and teaching language proficiency.
The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) is composed of one billion words as of November 2021. [1] [2] [4] The corpus is constantly growing: In 2009 it contained more than 385 million words; [5] in 2010 the corpus grew in size to 400 million words; [6] by March 2019, [7] the corpus had grown to 560 million words.
Mark E. Davies (born 1963) is an American linguist. He specializes in corpus linguistics and language variation and change.He is the creator of most of the text corpora from English-Corpora.org (including the Corpus of Contemporary American English/ COCA) as well as the Corpus del español and the Corpus do português.
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First text corpora were created in the 1960s, such as the 1-million-word Brown Corpus of American English. Over time, many further corpora were produced (such as the British National Corpus and the LOB Corpus ) and work had begun also on corpora of larger sizes and covering other languages than English.
The Teacher Word Book contains 30,000 lemmas or ~13,000 word families (Goulden, Nation and Read, 1990). A corpus of 18 million written words was hand analysed. The size of its source corpus increased its usefulness, but its age, and language changes, have reduced its applicability (Nation 1997). The General Service List (West, 1953)
A corpus may contain texts in a single language (monolingual corpus) or text data in multiple languages (multilingual corpus).In order to make the corpora more useful for doing linguistic research, they are often subjected to a process known as annotation.
The Bank of English totals 650 million running words. [1] Copies of the corpus are held both at HarperCollins Publishers and the University of Birmingham. The version at Birmingham can be accessed for academic research. The Bank of English forms part of the Collins Word Web together with the French, German and Spanish corpora.