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DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1. Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4 inhibitors or gliptins) are a class of oral hypoglycemics that block the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). They can be used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2. The first agent of the class – sitagliptin – was approved by the FDA in 2006. [1]
Aromatic heterocyclic-based DPP-4 inhibitors have gained increased attention recently. The first patents describing xanthines (Figure 10) as DPP-4 inhibitors came from Boehringer-Ingelheim(BI) and Novo Nordisk. [21] When xanthine based DPP-4 inhibitors are compared with sitagliptin and vildagliptin it has shown a superior profile.
A class of oral hypoglycemics called dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors works by inhibiting the action of this enzyme, thereby prolonging incretin effect in vivo. [18] Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus has been found to bind to DPP4. It is found on the surface of cells in the airways (such as the lungs) and kidneys.
A new study has found that people who have type 2 diabetes who are treated with GLP-1 and SGLT-2 medications have a lower risk of having COPD symptom flare-ups than those taking DPP-4 drugs.
The mechanism of action of this drug is to the sodium-glucose uptake cotransporter in the proximal tubule, thereby generating natriuresis and glucosuria. In multiple clinical trials, SGLT2 inhibitors showed improved cardiovascular outcomes in patients with DM as well a positive effect on kidney outcomes, mainly a reduction in albuminuria and ...
Teneligliptin has unique J-shaped or anchor locked domain structure because of which it has a potent inhibition of DPP 4 enzyme. Teneligliptin significantly controls glycemic parameters with safety. No dose adjustment is required in renally impaired patients.
Alogliptin, sold under the brand names Nesina and Vipidia, [2] [3] is an oral anti-diabetic drug in the DPP-4 inhibitor (gliptin) class. [4] Like other members of the gliptin class, it causes little or no weight gain, exhibits relatively little risk of hypoglycemia, and has relatively modest glucose-lowering activity. [1]
Serious side effects may include angioedema, low blood sugar, kidney problems, pancreatitis, and joint pain. [8] Whether use in pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe is unclear. [10] It is in the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class and works by increasing the production of insulin and decreasing the production of glucagon by the ...