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Hypertensive encephalopathy (HE) is general brain dysfunction due to significantly high blood pressure. [3] Symptoms may include headache, vomiting, trouble with balance, and confusion. [1] Onset is generally sudden. [1] Complications can include seizures, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and bleeding in the back of the eye. [1] [3]
For most people, recommendations are to reduce blood pressure to less than or equal to somewhere between 140/90 mmHg and 160/100 mmHg. [2] In general, for people with elevated blood pressure, attempting to achieve lower levels of blood pressure than the recommended 140/90 mmHg will create more harm than benefits, [3] in particular for older people. [4]
[18] [19] [needs update] [20] High blood pressure affects 33% of the population globally. [9] About half of all people with high blood pressure do not know that they have it. [9] In 2019, high blood pressure was believed to have been a factor in 19% of all deaths (10.4 million globally). [9] Video summary
The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. [4] As of 2018, the best available evidence favors low-dose thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. [5]
In panic disorder, elevation of blood pressure is generally mild and is normally triggered by fear or panic. [4] There is a small percentage, approximately 2% who raises suspicion for have pheochromocytoma, a tumour in the adrenal glands. This involves the sympathetic nervous system and treatment for paroxysmal hypertension is available. [5]
Monitoring the decompression chamber during a simulated medical emergency. Hyperbaric treatment schedules or hyperbaric treatment tables, are planned sequences of events in chronological order for hyperbaric pressure exposures specifying the pressure profile over time and the breathing gas to be used during specified periods, for medical treatment.
A hypertensive emergency is very high blood pressure with potentially life-threatening symptoms and signs of acute damage to one or more organ systems (especially brain, eyes, heart, aorta, or kidneys). It is different from a hypertensive urgency by this additional evidence for impending irreversible hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD).
[5] [3] The underlying mechanism typically involves inflammation and subsequent remodeling of the arteries in the lungs. [5] Diagnosis involves first ruling out other potential causes. [4] As of 2022 there was no cure for pulmonary hypertension, [6] although research to find a cure is ongoing. Treatment depends on the type of disease. [6]