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Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease) is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes.It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries and one of the lead causes of sight loss in the world, even though there are many new therapies and improved treatments for helping people live with diabetes.
Diabetes is the most common cause of retinopathy in the U.S. as of 2008. [4] Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in working-aged people. [5] It accounts for about 5% of blindness worldwide and is designated a priority eye disease by the World Health Organization. [6]
The most common are diabetes, hypertension and high cholesterol levels. While these factors predispose a patient to develop NAION, the most common precipitating factor is marked fall of blood pressure during sleep (nocturnal arterial hypotension)- that is why at least 75% of the patients first discover visual loss first on waking from sleep.
In the case of pro re nata, the patient comes at fixed intervals, but treatment is only administered if an activity is detected (i.e., the presence of fluid). In the case of treat-and-extend , the patients always receive treatment, but the interval to the next visit is extended if the lesion is inactive. [ 85 ]
Patients on amiodarone with new visual symptoms should be evaluated by an ophthalmologist. Tobacco exposure, most commonly through pipe and cigar smoking, can cause optic neuropathy. Middle-aged or elderly men are often affected and present with painless, slowly progressive, color distortion and visual loss in both eyes.
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Visual or vision impairment (VI or VIP) is the partial or total inability of visual perception.In the absence of treatment such as corrective eyewear, assistive devices, and medical treatment, visual impairment may cause the individual difficulties with normal daily tasks, including reading and walking. [6]
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