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Ferrocement or ferro-cement [1] is a system of construction using reinforced mortar [2] or plaster (lime or cement, sand, and water) applied over an "armature" of metal mesh, woven, expanded metal, or metal-fibers, and closely spaced thin steel rods such as rebar. The metal commonly used is iron or some type of steel, and the mesh is made with ...
A spark lighter in action. Ferrocerium alloy was invented in 1903 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach.It takes its name from its two primary components: iron (from Latin: ferrum), and the rare-earth element cerium, which is the most prevalent of the lanthanides in the mixture.
Changes in hydrological cycle and vegetative cover impact these patterns and have a large impact on global dust production, with dust deposition estimates ranging between 1000 and 2000 Tg/year. [2] Aeolian dust is a critical part of the iron cycle by transporting iron particulates from the Earth's land via the atmosphere to the ocean. [23]
Cementite changes from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic upon heating to its Curie temperature of approximately 480 K (207 °C). [10] A natural iron carbide (containing minor amounts of nickel and cobalt) occurs in iron meteorites and is called cohenite after the German mineralogist Emil Cohen, who first described it. [11]
Knowing that the Inuit had made tools from the Cape York meteorite, mainly due to Sir John Ross' discovery that the natives of Greenland used iron knives, Nordenskiöld landed at Fortune Bay on Disko Island to search for the material. The Inuit had told Ross that they got the iron from high on a mountain, at a site where two large boulders lay.
The advantage of ferrocement construction is that materials are cheap and readily available, while the disadvantages are that construction labor costs are high, as are operating costs. (Ferrocement ships require thick hulls, which results in either a larger cross-sectional area that hurts hydrodynamics, or leaves less space for cargo.)
Ferropericlase (Mg,Fe)O makes up about 20% of the volume of the lower mantle of the Earth, which makes it the second most abundant mineral phase in that region after silicate perovskite (Mg,Fe)SiO 3; it also is the major host for iron in the lower mantle. [8] [9] At the bottom of the transition zone of the mantle, the reaction
An axe made of iron, dating from the Swedish Iron Age The earliest iron objects found in Europe date from the 3rd millennium BC, and are assigned to the Yamnaya culture and Catacomb culture . [ 49 ] [ 50 ] Eastern Europe, especially the Cis-Ural region, shows the highest concentration of early and middle Bronze Age iron objects in western ...