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Unlike regular concrete, ECC has a tensile strain capacity in the range of 3–7%, [1] compared to 0.01% for ordinary portland cement (OPC) paste, mortar or concrete. ECC therefore acts more like a ductile metal material rather than a brittle glass material (as does OPC concrete), leading to a wide variety of applications.
Ferrocement or ferro-cement [1] is a system of construction using reinforced mortar [2] or plaster (lime or cement, sand, and water) applied over an "armature" of metal mesh, woven, expanded metal, or metal-fibers, and closely spaced thin steel rods such as rebar. The metal commonly used is iron or some type of steel, and the mesh is made with ...
Filler materials are particles added to binders (resin, thermoplastics, cement) to make a composite material. Filler materials improve specific properties or make the product cheaper. [1] Coarse filler materials such as construction aggregate and rebar are used in the building industry to make plaster, mortar and concrete.
Their addition allows to decrease the water-to-cement ratio of concrete or mortar without negatively affecting the workability of the mixture. It enables the production of self-consolidating concrete and high-performance concrete. The water–cement ratio is the main factor determining the concrete strength and its durability. Superplasticizers ...
Bitumen mortar was also used at a lower-frequency, including in the Great Bath at Mohenjo-daro. [5] [6] In early Egyptian pyramids, which were constructed during the Old Kingdom (~2600–2500 BCE), the limestone blocks were bound by a mortar of mud and clay, or clay and sand. [7] In later Egyptian pyramids, the mortar was made of gypsum, or ...
Section of DICL pipe (ductile iron concrete lined), commonly used for utility water mains, showing iron casing, concrete lining, and textured polymer protective coatings on the inner and outer surfaces. Cement-mortar lined ductile iron pipe is a ductile iron pipe with cement lining on the inside surface, and is commonly used for water distribution.
Polymer concrete is a type of concrete that uses a polymer to replace lime-type cements as a binder. One specific type is epoxy granite, where the polymer used is exclusively epoxy. In some cases the polymer is used in addition to portland cement to form Polymer Cement Concrete (PCC) or Polymer Modified Concrete (PMC). [1]
Compared to other composite materials used in seismic retrofitting such as fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP), [5] the fibre sheets are replaced by open-grid textiles and the epoxy resin is replaced by mortar. The synergy between the materials is mainly achieved due to a mechanical interlock forming between the textile layers and the mortar.