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Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a theory of quantum gravity that incorporates matter of the Standard Model into the framework established for the intrinsic quantum gravity case. It is an attempt to develop a quantum theory of gravity based directly on Albert Einstein 's geometric formulation rather than the treatment of gravity as a mysterious ...
The loop representation also provides a natural solution of the spatial diffeomorphism constraint, making a connection between canonical quantum gravity and knot theory. Surprisingly there were a class of loop states that provided exact (if only formal) solutions to Ashtekar's original (ill-defined) Wheeler–DeWitt equation .
(Later, loop quantum gravity inherited this geometric interpretation of gravity, and posits that a quantum theory of gravity is fundamentally a quantum theory of spacetime.) In the 1920s, the French mathematician Élie Cartan formulated Einstein's theory in the language of bundles and connections, [ 1 ] a generalization of Riemannian geometry ...
In the early universes before the Big Bang, there are theories that ''loop quantum gravity" and "loop quantum structures'' formed space. The Lorentz invariance and universal constants describe elementary particles that do not yet exist. A fecund universe is a multiverse theory by Lee Smolin about the role of black holes. The theory suggests ...
Quantum gravity (QG) is a field of theoretical physics that seeks to describe gravity according to the principles of quantum mechanics.It deals with environments in which neither gravitational nor quantum effects can be ignored, [1] such as in the vicinity of black holes or similar compact astrophysical objects, as well as in the early stages of the universe moments after the Big Bang.
Current research on loop quantum gravity may eventually play a fundamental role in a theory of everything, but that is not its primary aim. [41] Loop quantum gravity also introduces a lower bound on the possible length scales. There have been recent claims that loop quantum gravity may be able to reproduce features resembling the Standard Model.
A detailed study of the quantum geometry of a black hole event horizon has been made using loop quantum gravity. [30] [31] Loop-quantization does not reproduce the result for black hole entropy originally discovered by Bekenstein and Hawking, unless the value of a free parameter is set to cancel out various constants such that the Bekenstein ...
A very different approach to quantum gravity called loop quantum gravity is fully non-perturbative and manifestly background-independent: geometric quantities, such as area, are predicted without reference to a background metric or asymptotics (e.g. no need for a background metric or anti-de Sitter asymptotics), only a given topology.