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Each color in the circuit represents one node. In electrical engineering, a node is any region on a circuit between two circuit elements. In circuit diagrams, connections are ideal wires with zero resistance, so a node consists of the entire section of wire between elements, not just a single point. [1]
Kirchhoff's current law is the basis of nodal analysis. In electric circuits analysis, nodal analysis, node-voltage analysis, or the branch current method is a method of determining the voltage (potential difference) between "nodes" (points where elements or branches connect) in an electrical circuit in terms of the branch currents.
An edge is drawn as a line, terminating on dots or small circles from which other edges (elements) may emanate. In circuit analysis, the edges of the graph are called branches. The dots are called the vertices of the graph and represent the nodes of the network. Node and vertex are terms that can be used interchangeably when discussing graphs ...
Nodal analysis uses the concept of a node voltage and considers the node voltages to be the unknown variables. [2]: 2-8 - 2-9 For all nodes, except a chosen reference node, the node voltage is defined as the voltage drop from the node to the reference node. Therefore, there are N-1 node voltages for a circuit with N nodes. [2]: 2-10
A supernode exists when an ideal voltage source appears between any two nodes of an electric circuit. [1] Each supernode contains two nodes, one non-reference node and another node that may be a second non-reference node or the reference node. Supernodes containing the reference node have one node voltage variable.
A reference designator unambiguously identifies the location of a component within an electrical schematic or on a printed circuit board.The reference designator usually consists of one or two letters followed by a number, e.g. C3, D1, R4, U15.
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Recalling that current is a signed (positive or negative) quantity reflecting direction towards or away from a node, this principle can be succinctly stated as: = = where n is the total number of branches with currents flowing towards or away from the node. Kirchhoff's circuit laws were originally obtained from experimental results.