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Beta-2 agonists commonly manage breathing conditions like asthma and COPD. Providers also use types of beta-agonists during some medical emergencies, and to treat heart conditions, overactive bladder and high potassium levels (hyperkalemia).
Due to the similar properties between the classes of adrenergic receptors, beta-2 agonists can create an “off-target” effect in stimulating either alpha-1, alpha-2, or beta-1 receptors. The most common side effects of beta-2 agonists involve the cardiac, metabolic, or musculoskeletal system.
Although minor compared to those of epinephrine, beta agonists usually have mild to moderate adverse effects, which include anxiety, hypertension, increased heart rate, and insomnia. Other side effects include headaches and essential tremor.
Inhaled, short-acting, selective beta-2 adrenergic agonists are the traditional mainstay of acute asthma therapy, while inhaled, long-acting, selective beta-2 adrenergic agonists (in combination with inhaled glucocorticoids) play a role in long-term control of moderate to severe asthma [1].
Beta2 (ß2)-agonist medications are a type of inhaled bronchodilator used to treat asthma. In the pathophysiology of asthma, tightened airways cause wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and chronic cough. ß2-agonists relax the smooth muscles of the airways to relieve these symptoms.
Abstract. Short-acting β-adrenergic receptor agonists have pharmacologically predictable dose-related and potency-related adverse effects, including tachycardia and tremor, and they also affect serum potassium and glucose. These effects all show tolerance with continued exposure.
The Serevent nationwide surveillance (SNS) study suggested an increased risk of asthma-related death in patients treated with salmeterol as compared with albuterol, a short-acting...
β-Adrenergic agonists exert physiologic effects that are the opposite of those of β-blockers. β-Blockers are known to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiac disease. β 2-Agonist use in patients with obstructive airway disease has been associated with an increased risk for myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure ...
In addition to the risks of overuse and symptom masking, the use of beta-agonists alone at therapeutic doses can worsen airway inflammation and enhance virus-induced inflammation during asthma exacerbation. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) can effectively prevent these adverse effects.
Here we discuss the safety of inhaled β-agonist monotherapy in asthma and argue against the continued use of β-agonist monotherapy (both short and long acting) in the absence of concomitant ICS therapy in a combination inhaler.