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The Kurdistan newspaper established in 1898, prior to latinization, was written in the Kurmanji dialect using Arabic script.. Kurdish is written using either of two alphabets: the Latin-based Bedirxan or Hawar alphabet, introduced by Celadet Alî Bedirxan in 1932 and popularized through the Hawar magazine, and the Kurdo-Arabic alphabet.
Yazidi chief in Bashiqa, Iraq - picture by Albert Kahn (1910s) The Yazidis' own name for themselves is Êzidî or, in some areas, Dasinî, although the latter, strictly speaking, is a tribal name. Some western scholars derive the name from the Umayyad Caliph Yazid ibn Muawiyah (Yazid I). [50]
Among the earliest Kurdish religious texts is the Yazidi Black Book, the sacred book of Yazidi faith. It is considered to have been authored sometime in the 13th century AD by Hassan bin Adi (b. 1195 AD), the great-grandnephew of Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir (d. 1162), the founder of the faith.
Yazidi shrine of Mame Reshan, partially destroyed by ISIL, in the Sinjar Mountains. Yazidis believe in one God, to whom they refer as Xwedê, Xwedawend, Êzdan, and Pedsha ('King'), and, less commonly, Ellah and Heq. [2] [8] [9] [5] [15] According to some Yazidi hymns (known as Qewls), God has 1,001 names, or 3,003 names according to other Qewls.
Yazidi tradition also claimed that Ezdina Mir had met Sheikh Adi when he first went to Lalish. [38] [39] The Yazidi Black Book and the Yazidi Book of Revelation were attributed to Sheikh Adi. [40] [41] [42] Sheikh Mand, the son of Fakhruddin, also emerged as the ruler of the Yazidi-Ayyubid Emirate of Kilis, and an Ayyubid military commander
Tawûsî Melek depicted as a peacock inside the display case on the grave of a Yazidi believer, cemetery of the Yazidi community in Hannover. Quba Mere Diwane is the largest temple of the Yazidis in the world, located in the Armenian village of Aknalich. The temple is dedicated to Melek Taûs and the Seven Angels of Yazidi theology.
Large tracts of land were given to Ajeel al-Jawar, a tribal chief of the Shammar near the Sinjar mountain. As a result, Yazidis readily supported any movement which was against the Iraqi government. [7] In 1941, Yazidis supported the pro-German movement led by Rashid Ali al-Gaylani against the pro-British authority in Iraq. When the "National ...
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.