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The Gandhi–Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, Viceroy of India, on 5 March 1931 before the Second Round Table Conference in London. [1] Before this, Irwin , the Viceroy, had announced in October 1929 a vague offer of ' dominion status ' for India in an unspecified future and a Round Table Conference ...
Reason and demands Reaction to fast Result 1 1913 (13–20 July) [2] 7 days Phoenix, South Africa First penitential fast [3] 2 1914 (February) 1 day [4] Phoenix, South Africa A Phoenix teacher had violated Ashram rules by eating pakodas with some students but denied it. Gandhi began an indefinite fast of atonement. [5] She confessed a day later.
The movement was one of Gandhi's first organized acts of large-scale satyagraha. [2] Gandhi's planning of the non-cooperation movement included persuading all Indians to withdraw their labour from any activity that "sustained the British government and also economy in India," [7] including British industries and educational institutions. [7]
Gandhi met Irwin on 23 November 1929 where Irwin, the Viceroy, rejected the offer given in Delhi Statement. In the meantime, Lala Lajpat Rai died because of Lathi Charge on 17 November 1928. Later, when Gandhi signed the Gandhi Irwin pact , all the four demands were avoided at that time.
The bill proposed to confer upon India at once the full status of a Dominion, subject to certain temporary reservations. The Viceroy, as the representative of the King-Emperor, was to have complete charge of military and naval forces and foreign relations until the Indian Parliament by its own act should signify its readiness to assume control.
Gandhi in 1942, the year he launched the Quit India Movement. Gandhi's arrest lasted two years, as he was held in the Aga Khan Palace in Pune. During this period, Gandhi's longtime secretary Mahadev Desai died of a heart attack, his wife Kasturba died after 18 months' imprisonment on 22 February 1944, and Gandhi suffered a severe malaria attack ...
Cripps began by offering India full dominion status at the end of the war, with the chance to secede from the Commonwealth and to go for total independence. Privately, Cripps also promised to get rid of Linlithgow and grant India dominion status with immediate effect and insisted only for the Indian Defence Ministry to be reserved for the British.
Moreover, America had been pressing Britain to meet India's demand for self-governance. [33] Although other Congress leaders were still in prison Gandhi was released on 5 May 1944. [34] [full citation needed] After his release Gandhi proposed talks with Jinnah on his two-nation theory and negotiating on issue of partition. [35]