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Statin-associated autoimmune myopathy (SAAM), also known as anti-HMGCR myopathy, is a very rare form of muscle damage caused by the immune system in people who take statin medications. [1] However, there are cases of SAAM in patients who have not taken statin medication, and this can be explained by the exposure to natural sources of statin ...
Common types of myopathy due to statins include myalgia, myositis, and rhabdomyolysis. Statins induce myopathy by inhibiting protein synthesis within the muscle. [6] Statin therapy tends to not show any histopathological differences, and thus a biopsy does not reveal too much about the damage. Often, the damage is found within the mitochondria.
One of the most common side effects of statin therapy is muscle pain [5] which, more rarely, can lead to myositis. [5] Infection - The most common infectious cause of myositis is viral infections, such as the common cold. [4] Other viruses, such as COVID-19, are also shown to be a rare cause of myositis. [6]
Myositis in general affects 50,000 to 75,000 people in the U.S., but the statin-triggered type Furlan had — called HMGCR necrotizing myopathy — is seen in only two or three out of 100,000 ...
Studies show that they decrease major cardiovascular events—like heart attacks and stroke—by 25 to 45 percent, says Roger Blumenthal, MD, a spokesperson for the American Heart Association and ...
Metabolic myopathies, which affect the production of ATP within the muscle cell, typically present with dynamic (exercise-induced) rather than static symptoms. [4] Most of the inflammatory myopathies can have a chance association with malignant lesion; the incidence appears to be specifically increased only in patients with dermatomyositis.
Statin-induced hepatotoxicity can cause autoimmune hepatitis and an elevation in serum levels of hepatic enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, impairing liver function. [20] Myotoxicity is commonly presented with statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS), which include myalgia and myositis. [21]
The risk of statin-induced rhabdomyolysis increases with older age, use of interacting medications such as fibrates, and hypothyroidism. [94] [95] Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) levels are decreased in statin use; [96] CoQ10 supplements are sometimes used to treat statin-associated myopathy, though evidence of their efficacy is lacking as of 2017. [97]