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Several aflatoxin B 1 toxicity studies have been conducted on various animal species. [34] Acute toxicity The oral LD 50 range of aflatoxin B 1 is estimated to be 0.3–17.9 mg/kg body weight for most animal species. [35] For instance, the oral LD 50 of aflatoxin B 1 is estimated to be 17.9 mg/kg body weight in female rats and 7.2 mg/kg body ...
Aflatoxin B 1 exo-8,9-epoxide is a toxic metabolite of aflatoxin B 1.It's formed by the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. [1]In the liver, aflatoxin B 1 is metabolized to aflatoxin B 1 exo-8,9-epoxide by the cytochrome P450 enzymes.
Aflatoxin B 1 is considered the most toxic and is produced by both Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin M 1 is present in the fermentation broth of Aspergillus parasiticus, but it and aflatoxin M 2 are also produced when an infected liver metabolizes aflatoxin B 1 and B 2. Aflatoxin B 1 and B 2 (AFB), produced by A. flavus ...
A. parasiticus produces aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2, named for the colours emitted under UV light on thin-layer chromatography plates—either blue and green. The numbers refer to the type of compound with 1 being major and 2 being minor. [3] These aflatoxins are carcinogenic mycotoxins which have detrimental effects to humans and livestock. [4]
Rats fed 5–10 mg/kg of sterigmatocystin for two years showed a 90% incidence of liver tumours. It has been suggested that sterigmatocystin is about 1/10 as potent a carcinogen as aflatoxin B1. [citation needed] Toxic effects of sterigmatocystin-fed laboratory animals have included kidney and liver damage and diarrhoea.
Aflatoxins induce a spectrum of mutations, [40] [41] including in the p53 tumor suppressor gene, which is a mutation seen in many types of cancers. [40] Mutation in p53, presumably in conjunction with other aflatoxin-induced mutations and epigenetic alterations, [ 42 ] is likely a common cause of aflatoxin-induced carcinogenesis .
The most common mycotoxin is aflatoxin. It can be very carcinogenic to both humans and animals. Aflatoxin is produced by two species of Aspergillus, A. flavus and A. parasiticus, which are known to affect plants including cereal grains, figs, nuts, and tobacco. [2] Cereal grains are one of the main ingredient in animal feed. The animals most at ...
Aflatoxin B 1, the most toxic, is a potent carcinogen and has been directly correlated to adverse health effects, such as liver cancer, in many animal species. [11] Aflatoxins are largely associated with commodities produced in the tropics and subtropics, such as cotton, peanuts, spices, pistachios, and maize.