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The word crony first appeared in 17th-century London, according to the Oxford English Dictionary; it is believed to be derived from the Greek word χρόνιος (chronios), meaning ' long term '. [4] A less likely but oft-quoted source is the supposed Irish term Comh-Roghna, which translates as ' close pals, mutual friends '. [citation needed]
Raymond Vernon, a specialist in economics and international affairs, [44] wrote that the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain because they were the first to successfully limit the power of veto groups (typically cronies of those with power in government) to block innovations, [45] writing: "Unlike most other national environments, the ...
English: Cronies is a 2015 American comedy-drama film written by, directed by and starring Michael Larnell. [1] Spike Lee served as an executive producer of the film. [2]
Consequently, they also escape having to bear responsibility for the effects of their advice. The term derives from the Spanish word camarilla (diminutive of cámara), meaning 'little chamber' or private cabinet of the king. It was first used of the circle of cronies around Spanish King Ferdinand VII (reigned 1814–1833).
Political corruption; Forms and concepts; Bribery; Censorship; Political repression; Political violence; Cronyism; Economics of corruption; Election interference
The crony-capitalism index is an index published by the British newspaper The Economist that claims to calculate whether the livelihood of the people from a certain country or city with a capitalist economy is "easily affected by crony capitalism".
In politics and government, a spoils system (also known as a patronage system) is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends (), and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party.
The term behest loan refers to a loan granted to individuals or corporations favored by a powerful government official despite their lack of qualifications to receive such a loan.