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The affine cipher is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher, where each letter in an alphabet is mapped to its numeric equivalent, encrypted using a simple mathematical function, and converted back to a letter. The formula used means that each letter encrypts to one other letter, and back again, meaning the cipher is essentially a ...
1854 – Charles Wheatstone invents Playfair cipher; c. 1854 – Babbage's method for breaking polyalphabetic ciphers (pub 1863 by Kasiski) 1855 – For the English side in Crimean War, Charles Babbage broke Vigenère's autokey cipher (the 'unbreakable cipher' of the time) as well as the much weaker cipher that is called Vigenère cipher today ...
The earliest example of the homophonic substitution cipher is the one used by Duke of Mantua in the early 1400s. [24] Homophonic cipher replaces each letter with multiple symbols depending on the letter frequency. The cipher is ahead of the time because it combines monoalphabetic and polyalphabetic features.
In cryptography, linear cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis based on finding affine approximations to the action of a cipher. Attacks have been developed for block ciphers and stream ciphers. Linear cryptanalysis is one of the two most widely used attacks on block ciphers; the other being differential cryptanalysis.
Generally the cipher used to encrypt the text is simple enough that the cryptogram can be solved by hand. Substitution ciphers where each letter is replaced by a different letter, number, or symbol are frequently used. To solve the puzzle, one must recover the original lettering.
Kuznyechik – Russian 128-bit block cipher, defined in GOST R 34.12-2015 and RFC 7801. LION – block cypher built from stream cypher and hash function, by Ross Anderson; LOKI89/91 – 64-bit block ciphers; LOKI97 – 128-bit block cipher, AES candidate; Lucifer – by Tuchman et al. of IBM, early 1970s; modified by NSA/NBS and released as DES
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The Rijndael S-box can be replaced in the Rijndael cipher, [1] which defeats the suspicion of a backdoor built into the cipher that exploits a static S-box. The authors claim that the Rijndael cipher structure is likely to provide enough resistance against differential and linear cryptanalysis even if an S-box with "average" correlation ...