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Calciphylaxis, also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) or “Grey Scale”, is a rare syndrome characterized by painful skin lesions.The pathogenesis of calciphylaxis is unclear but believed to involve calcification of the small blood vessels located within the fatty tissue and deeper layers of the skin, blood clots, and eventual death of skin cells due to lack of blood flow. [1]
In contrast, dystrophic calcification is caused by abnormalities or degeneration of tissues [2] [3] resulting in mineral deposition, though blood levels of calcium remain normal. These differences in pathology also mean that metastatic calcification is often found in many tissues throughout a person or animal, whereas dystrophic calcification ...
Metastatic calcinosis cutis is the consequence of calcium salts precipitating in normal tissue due to an underlying abnormality in the metabolism of phosphate and/or calcium. [2] Metastatic calcification can result from any systemic condition raising serum calcium and/or phosphate levels. Chronic renal failure is the most frequent underlying ...
Calcification is the accumulation of calcium salts in a body tissue. It normally occurs in the formation of bone, but calcium can be deposited abnormally in soft tissue, [1] [2] causing it to harden. Calcifications may be classified on whether there is mineral balance or not, and the location of the calcification. [3]
On average, over five times as many epithelial microcysts than normal have been observed in long-term contact lens wearers. [2] The hypoxic environment the cornea experiences when hydrogel contact lenses are worn is conducive to forming microcysts and vacuoles, most likely due to suppression of corneal endothelium metabolism.
However, another study, which examined 143 histologically normal femoral arteries from young, healthy multi-organ donors, suggests otherwise. This study found that 25% of participants, with a mean age of 38 years (ranging from 14 to 59 years), had Monckeberg's calcification without any cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Cellular atrophy is a decrease in cell size. If enough cells in an organ undergo atrophy the entire organ will decrease in size. Thymus atrophy during early human development (childhood) is an example of physiologic atrophy. Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common pathologic adaptation to skeletal muscle disuse (commonly called "disuse atrophy").
[2]: 528 However, the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood are normal. [3] Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis typically affects young males, with an onset between adolescence and early adulthood. [3] The scrotal calcinosis appears, without any symptoms, as yellowish nodules that range in size from 1 mm to several centimeters. [4]